Q:

吃什麼預防結石復發?

吃什麼預防結石復發?
A:

全球每十個人便有一個人腎裡會有結晶體形成。美國國家腎臟基金會 (National Kidney Foundation)指出這些人有30%機率在5年內會再次復發。受影響的人可能會在背部、側或下腹或腹股溝感受到強烈痛楚,尿液亦可能因為出血而呈粉紅色、紅色或棕色。有些人可能會經歷排尿異常,例如時常感到排尿的需要、排尿時疼痛、只能少量排尿、尿液渾濁或氣味難聞等。

 

當腎臟出現結石,改變飲食習慣,多吃水分充足的水果都是很常見的建議。不過現在並沒有太多的研究關注只得一次結石和反復復發的患者之間的飲食差異。為研究飲食對這兩個組別的影響,有研究團隊招募了795名在2009年至2018年間曾經訪問過羅切斯特和佛羅里達州梅奧診所(Mayo Clinic)的人。其中411名受試者首次出現有徵狀的結石,餘下384名腎裡沒有結石的人則歸於對照組。研究團隊透過問卷搜集了參與者155種不同食品和飲料的信息,並追蹤參與者約4.1年。

 

分析後發現,攝取較低水平的膳食鈣、鉀、液體、咖啡因和植酸鹽,都與首次出現有徵狀的結石有關。在追蹤期間,73人復發。進一步分析,較低水平的膳食鈣和鉀是結石復發的最佳預測指標。

 

1. 液體:研究中「較低水平的液體攝取」等同每天攝取少於108盎司的液體,當中已經包含在蔬果中的水分。

2. 咖啡因:早前已有研究顯示每天1-1.5杯咖啡可將患有結石的風險降低40%。

3. 植酸鹽:存在於全穀物、堅果和豆類等食物中。在體外研究中發現可強效抑制草酸鈣晶體形成,因此攝取較高的膳食植酸鹽有助降低結石形成的風險。

基於上述結果,該研究作者建議每天攝取1200毫克的鈣,幫助預防結石的形成和復發。乳製品、豆腐和綠葉蔬菜都是鈣質的良好膳食來源。該作者雖然不建議設立鉀的具體攝取目標,但建議使用富含鉀的食品,尤其是蔬菜和水果。

Reference:
  1. everydayhealth
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  • *所有研究及臨床數據應作為參考用途,實際效果因個人體質而異。
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